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C++ Programming Code Examples

C++ > Algorithms Code Examples

Structure

/* Structure */ #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<malloc.h> #include<string.h> typedef struct { char name[6]; int roll; }student; void main() { student *p; int n,i,temp; FILE *k; k=fopen("k.txt","w"); printf("enter the numbe of students "); scanf("%d",&n); p=(student *)malloc(n*sizeof(student)); for(i=0;i<n;++i) { printf("enter the name of student %d ",i+1); scanf("%s",(p+i)->name); printf("enter the roll number of student %d ",i+1); scanf("%d",&(p+i)->roll); } for(i=0;i<n;++i) { printf("\n name of student %d is %s",i+1,(p+i)->name); printf("\n roll number of student %d is %d",i+1,(p+i)->roll); } getch(); fclose(k); }

In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.

Allocate memory block. Allocates a block of size bytes of memory, returning a pointer to the beginning of the block. The content of the newly allocated block of memory is not initialized, remaining with indeterminate values. If size is zero, the return value depends on the particular library implementation (it may or may not be a null pointer), but the returned pointer shall not be dereferenced. Malloc function in C++ is used to allocate a specified size of the block of memory dynamically uninitialized. It allocates the memory to the variable on the heap and returns the void pointer pointing to the beginning address of the memory block. The values in the memory block allocated remain uninitialized and indeterminate. In case the size specified in the function is zero then pointer returned must not be dereferenced as it can be a null pointer, and in this case, behavior depends on particular library implementation. When a memory block is allocated dynamically memory is allocated on the heap but the pointer is

The getch() is a predefined non-standard function that is defined in conio.h header file. It is mostly used by the Dev C/C++, MS- DOS's compilers like Turbo C to hold the screen until the user passes a single value to exit from the console screen. It can also be used to read a single byte character or string from the keyboard and then print. It does not hold any parameters. It has no buffer area to store the input character in a program. The getch() function does not accept any parameter from the user. It returns the ASCII value of the key pressed by the user as an input.

#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.

A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.

The sizeof() is an operator that evaluates the size of data type, constants, variable. It is a compile-time operator as it returns the size of any variable or a constant at the compilation time. The size, which is calculated by the sizeof() operator, is the amount of RAM occupied in the computer. The sizeof is a keyword, but it is a compile-time operator that determines the size, in bytes, of a variable or data type. The sizeof operator can be used to get the size of classes, structures, unions and any other user defined data type. The data_type can be the data type of the data, variables, constants, unions, structures, or any other user-defined data type.

Close file. Closes the file associated with the stream and disassociates it. Closes the given file stream. Any unwritten buffered data are flushed to the OS. Any unread buffered data are discarded. Whether or not the operation succeeds, the stream is no longer associated with a file, and the buffer allocated by std::setbuf or std::setvbuf, if any, is also disassociated and deallocated if automatic allocation was used. All internal buffers associated with the stream are disassociated from it and flushed: the content of any unwritten output buffer is written and the content of any unread input buffer is discarded.

Check whether eofbit is set. Returns true if the eofbit error state flag is set for the stream. This flag is set by all standard input operations when the End-of-File is reached in the sequence associated with the stream. Note that the value returned by this function depends on the last operation performed on the stream (and not on the next). Operations that attempt to read at the End-of-File fail, and thus both the eofbit and the failbit end up set. This function can be used to check whether the failure is due to reaching the End-of-File or to some other reason.


The operator "=" is an "assignment operator" in C++ and it assigns a value to the objects on the left. C++ Language provides capability to combine assignment operator with almost all


To encrypt & decrypt file content in C++, you have to enter the file name with extension to encrypt & decrypt the content present inside the file. Now open that file using the function




This C++ program code displays the Djikstra's Algorithm of finding shortest paths from one node to others using the concept of a priority queue. A "Priority Queue" is an abstract data

In C++ programming, you can create nested 'namespaces'. One namespace can be a part of another namespace. Simply we can create namespace X, which will contain namespace