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C++ Programming Code Examples

C++ > Arrays and Matrices Code Examples

Programming Code to Transpose Matrix

/* Programming Code to Transpose Matrix To transpose any matrix in C++ Programming language, you have to first ask to the user to enter the matrix and replace row by column and column by row to transpose that matrix, then display the transpose of the matrix on the screen as shown here in the following C++ program. Following C++ program ask to the user to enter any 3*3 array/matrix element to transpose and display the transpose of the matrix on the screen: C++ Program - Transpose Matrix */ #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { clrscr(); int arr[3][3], i, j, arrt[3][3]; cout<<"Enter 3*3 Array Elements : "; for(i=0; i<3; i++) { for(j=0; j<3; j++) { cin>>arr[i][j]; } } cout<<"Transposing Array...\n"; for(i=0; i<3; i++) { for(j=0; j<3; j++) { arrt[i][j]=arr[j][i]; } } cout<<"Transpose of the Matrix is :\n"; for(i=0; i<3; i++) { for(j=0; j<3; j++) { cout<<arrt[i][j]; } cout<<"\n"; } getch(); }

The getch() is a predefined non-standard function that is defined in conio.h header file. It is mostly used by the Dev C/C++, MS- DOS's compilers like Turbo C to hold the screen until the user passes a single value to exit from the console screen. It can also be used to read a single byte character or string from the keyboard and then print. It does not hold any parameters. It has no buffer area to store the input character in a program. The getch() function does not accept any parameter from the user. It returns the ASCII value of the key pressed by the user as an input.

A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.

In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.

#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.

The cin object is used to accept input from the standard input device i.e. keyboard. It is defined in the iostream header file. C++ cin statement is the instance of the class istream and is used to read input from the standard input device which is usually a keyboard. The extraction operator(>>) is used along with the object cin for reading inputs. The extraction operator extracts the data from the object cin which is entered using the keyboard. The "c" in cin refers to "character" and "in" means "input". Hence cin means "character input". The cin object is used along with the extraction operator >> in order to receive a stream of characters.

It is a predefined function in "conio.h" (console input output header file) used to clear the console screen. It is a predefined function, by using this function we can clear the data from console (Monitor). Using of clrscr() is always optional but it should be place after variable or function declaration only. It is often used at the beginning of the program (mostly after variable declaration but not necessarily) so that the console is clear for our output.

An array is a collection of data items, all of the same type, accessed using a common name. A one-dimensional array is like a list; A two dimensional array is like a table; The C++ language places no limits on the number of dimensions in an array, though specific implementations may. Some texts refer to one-dimensional arrays as vectors, two-dimensional arrays as matrices, and use the general term arrays when the number of dimensions is unspecified or unimportant. (2D) array in C++ programming is also known as matrix. A matrix can be represented as a table of rows and columns. In C/C++, we can define multi dimensional arrays in simple words as array of arrays. Data in multi dimensional arrays are stored in tabular form (in row major order).

An array is defined as the collection of similar type of data items stored at contiguous memory locations. Arrays are the derived data type in C++ programming language which can store the primitive type of data such as int, char, double, float, etc. It also has the capability to store the collection of derived data types, such as pointers, structure, etc. The array is the simplest data structure where each data element can be randomly accessed by using its index number. C++ array is beneficial if you have to store similar elements. For example, if we want to store the marks of a student in 6 subjects, then we don't need to define different variables for the marks in the different subject. Instead of that, we can define an array which can store the marks in each subject at the contiguous memory locations.

C supports nesting of loops in C. Nesting of loops is the feature in C that allows the looping of statements inside another loop. Any number of loops can be defined inside another loop, i.e., there is no restriction for defining any number of loops. The nesting level can be defined at n times. You can define any type of loop inside another loop; for example, you can define 'while' loop inside a 'for' loop. A loop inside another loop is called a nested loop. The depth of nested loop depends on the complexity of a problem. We can have any number of nested loops as required. Consider a nested loop where the outer loop runs n times and consists of another loop inside it. The inner loop runs m times. Then, the total number of times the inner loop runs during the program execution is n*m.

The cout is a predefined object of ostream class. It is connected with the standard output device, which is usually a display screen. The cout is used in conjunction with stream insertion operator (<<) to display the output on a console. On most program environments, the standard output by default is the screen, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cout. The "c" in cout refers to "character" and "out" means "output". Hence cout means "character output". The cout object is used along with the insertion operator << in order to display a stream of characters.

3D array contains three for loops. to initialize and "print three dimensional" array, you have to use three for loops. Third for loop forms 1D array, Second for loop forms 2D array and the




1:-) As we have seen that any class that has a pure virtual function is an abstract class. 2:-) We cannot create the "instance" of abstract class. For example: If I have written this line


To 'write' some content in a file in C++, enter the file name with extension to open that file using the function open(), then after opening the desired file, again ask to the user to enter

In C++ language, The mode is the maximum of the "count of occurrence" of the different data element. This algorithm is beneficial for large dataset with high repetition frequency

Implement the binary search to find a peak in the array. If the 'middle element' is more than its both Neighbors, 'it is the Peak'. Otherwise, split the array and check the same. A function

Operators declared on the type list. Reading a list from input. Writing a list on the output. Gets a list and returns its length. Getting an element and returns its positon in the list. If