C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > Beginners Lab Assignments Code Examples
C++ operator is a symbol that is used to perform mathematical or logical manipulations.
/* C++ operator is a symbol that is used to perform mathematical or logical manipulations.
C++ language is rich with built-in operators. */
Arithmetic Operators
Operator Description
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
Increment and Decrement Operators
Operator Description
++ Increment
-- Decrement
Relational Operators
Operator Description
== Is equal to
!= Is not equal to
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
Logical Operators
Operator Description
&& And operator. Performs a logical conjunction of two expressions.
(if both expressions evaluate to True, result is True. If either expression evaluates to False, result is False)
|| Or operator. Performs a logical disjunction on two expressions.
(if either or both expressions evaluate to True, result is True)
! Not operator. Performs logical negation on an expression.
Bitwise Operators
Operator Description
<< Binary Left Shift Operator
>> Binary Right Shift Operator
~ Binary One's Complement Operator
& Binary AND Operator
^ Binary XOR Operator
| Binary OR Operator
Assignment Operators
Operator Description
= Assign
+= Increments, then assigns
-= Decrements, then assigns
*= Multiplies, then assigns
/= Divides, then assigns
%= Modulus, then assigns
<<= Left shift and assigns
>>= Right shift and assigns
&= Bitwise AND assigns
^= Bitwise exclusive OR and assigns
|= Bitwise inclusive OR and assigns
Misc Operators
Operator Description
, Comma operator
sizeof() Returns the size of an memory location.
& Returns the address of an memory location.
* Pointer to a variable.
? : Conditional Expression
The C++ comments are statements that are not executed by the compiler. The comments in C++ programming can be used to provide explanation of the code, variable, method or class. If we write comments on our code, it will be easier for us to understand the code in the future. Also, it will be easier for your fellow developers to understand the code. By the help of comments, you can hide the program code also. There are two types of comments in C++: • Single Line comment. • Multi Line comment
Arithmetic Operator is used to performing mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, etc., on the given operands. For example: 6 + 3 = 9, 5 - 3 = 2, 3 * 4 = 12, etc. are the examples of arithmetic operators. Let's discuss the different types of Arithmetic Operators in the C programming. Plus Operator is a simple Plus (+) Operator used to add two given operands. We can use Plus Operator with different data types such as integer, float, long, double, enumerated and string type data to add the given operand. The minus operator is denoted by the minus (-) symbol. It is used to return the subtraction of the first number from the second number. The data type of the given number can be different types, such as int, float, double, long double, etc., in the programing language.
A relational operator is used to check the relationship between two operands. C++ Relational Operators are used to relate or compare given operands. Relational operations are like checking if two operands are equal or not equal, greater or lesser, etc. Relational Operators are also called Comparison Operators.
The sizeof() is an operator that evaluates the size of data type, constants, variable. It is a compile-time operator as it returns the size of any variable or a constant at the compilation time. The size, which is calculated by the sizeof() operator, is the amount of RAM occupied in the computer. The sizeof is a keyword, but it is a compile-time operator that determines the size, in bytes, of a variable or data type. The sizeof operator can be used to get the size of classes, structures, unions and any other user defined data type. The data_type can be the data type of the data, variables, constants, unions, structures, or any other user-defined data type.
Check whether eofbit is set. Returns true if the eofbit error state flag is set for the stream. This flag is set by all standard input operations when the End-of-File is reached in the sequence associated with the stream. Note that the value returned by this function depends on the last operation performed on the stream (and not on the next). Operations that attempt to read at the End-of-File fail, and thus both the eofbit and the failbit end up set. This function can be used to check whether the failure is due to reaching the End-of-File or to some other reason.
Logical Operators are used to compare and connect two or more expressions or variables, such that the value of the expression is completely dependent on the original expression or value or variable. We use logical operators to check whether an expression is true or false. If the expression is true, it returns 1 whereas if the expression is false, it returns 0. Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0:
As the name already suggests, these operators help in assigning values to variables. These operators help us in allocating a particular value to the operands. The main simple assignment operator is '='. We have to be sure that both the left and right sides of the operator must have the same data type. We have different levels of operators. Assignment operators are used to assign the value, variable and function to another variable. Assignment operators in C are some of the C Programming Operator, which are useful to assign the values to the declared variables. Let's discuss the various types of the assignment operators such as =, +=, -=, /=, *= and %=. The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language:
The bitwise operators are the operators used to perform the operations on the data at the bit-level. When we perform the bitwise operations, then it is also known as bit-level programming. It consists of two digits, either 0 or 1. It is mainly used in numerical computations to make the calculations faster. We have different types of bitwise operators in the C++ programming language. The following is the list of the bitwise operators: Bitwise AND operator is denoted by the single ampersand sign (&). Two integer operands are written on both sides of the (&) operator. If the corresponding bits of both the operands are 1, then the output of the bitwise AND operation is 1; otherwise, the output would be 0. This is one of the most commonly used logical bitwise operators. It is represented by a single ampersand sign (&). Two integer expressions are written on each side of the (&) operator.
The pointer in C++ language is a variable, it is also known as locator or indicator that points to an address of a value. In C++, a pointer refers to a variable that holds the address of another variable. Like regular variables, pointers have a data type. For example, a pointer of type integer can hold the address of a variable of type integer. A pointer of character type can hold the address of a variable of character type. You should see a pointer as a symbolic representation of a memory address. With pointers, programs can simulate call-by-reference. They can also create and manipulate dynamic data structures. In C++, a pointer variable refers to a variable pointing to a specific address in a memory pointed by another variable.
Process a request; return false if end of file. A simple main that reads a file given by argv[1] and then calls "processRequest" to compute shortest paths. Then 'Skimpy' error checking
Program checks whether an year ("integer") entered by the user is a leap year or not. All years which are "perfectly divisible" by 4 are leap years except for century years which is
Make the "Tree Logically" empty, insert data and get "height of node". Function to max of left/right node, insert data recursively. Rotate binary tree node with left child. Rotate binary
