C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > Beginners Lab Assignments Code Examples
Program to Generate Random Partition out of a Given Set of Numbers or Characters
/* Program to Generate Random Partition out of a Given Set of Numbers or Characters
- This algorithm generates a random partition of the given set of characters or integers.
- The time complexity of this algorithm is O(n).
- This algorithm takes the input of a set of integers or characters.
- It firstly generates the random partition of the length of the set.
- Then starting from the beginning, it prints the number of element from the beginning, mentioned in the partition.
- Exit. */
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, j, l, ch;
// Enter choice.
cout<<"Enter 1 for string and 2 for integer array to generate array: ";
cin>>ch;
if(ch == 1)
{
char str[100];
cout<<"Enter the string: ";
cin>>str;
n = strlen(str);
cout<<"\nThe random partition of the given string is: \n";
// Generate the random partition.
l = 0;
while(n > 0)
{
// Generate a random number from 1 to n.
cout<<"\t{ ";
x = rand()%n + 1;
// Reduce the given number by x.
n = n-x;
// Print the first x characters from the 'l' counter.
for(j = 0; j < x; j++)
{
cout<<str[l]<<" ";
l++;
}
cout<<"}";
}
}
else
{
cout<<"\nEnter the number of element in the integer array: ";
cin>>n;
int arr[n];
cout<<"\nEnter the elements of the array: \n";
for(x = 0; x < n; x++)
{
cout<<"Enter "<<x+1<<" element: ";
cin>>arr[x];
}
cout<<"\nThe random partition of the given array is: \n";
// Generate the random partition.
l = 0;
while(n > 0)
{
// Generate a random number from 1 to n.
cout<<"\t{ ";
x = rand()%n + 1;
// Reduce the given number by x.
n = n-x;
// Print the first x numbers from the 'l' counter.
for(j = 0; j < x; j++)
{
cout<<arr[l]<<" ";
l++;
}
cout<<"}";
}
}
return 0;
}
An array is defined as the collection of similar type of data items stored at contiguous memory locations. Arrays are the derived data type in C++ programming language which can store the primitive type of data such as int, char, double, float, etc. It also has the capability to store the collection of derived data types, such as pointers, structure, etc. The array is the simplest data structure where each data element can be randomly accessed by using its index number. C++ array is beneficial if you have to store similar elements. For example, if we want to store the marks of a student in 6 subjects, then we don't need to define different variables for the marks in the different subject. Instead of that, we can define an array which can store the marks in each subject at the contiguous memory locations.
Generate random number. Returns a pseudo-random integral number in the range between 0 and RAND_MAX. This number is generated by an algorithm that returns a sequence of apparently non-related numbers each time it is called. This algorithm uses a seed to generate the series, which should be initialized to some distinctive value using function srand. RAND_MAX is a constant defined in <cstdlib>. The rand() function in C++ is used to generate random numbers; it will generate the same number every time we run the program. In order to seed the rand() function, srand(unsigned int seed) is used. The srand() function sets the initial point for generating the pseudo-random numbers. The rand() function generates numbers randomly.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
Consider a situation, when we have two persons with the same name, jhon, in the same class. Whenever we need to differentiate them definitely we would have to use some additional information along with their name, like either the area, if they live in different area or their mother's or father's name, etc. Same situation can arise in your C++ applications. For example, you might be writing some code that has a function called xyz() and there is another library available which is also having same function xyz(). Now the compiler has no way of knowing which version of xyz() function you are referring to within your code.
The cout is a predefined object of ostream class. It is connected with the standard output device, which is usually a display screen. The cout is used in conjunction with stream insertion operator (<<) to display the output on a console. On most program environments, the standard output by default is the screen, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cout. The "c" in cout refers to "character" and "out" means "output". Hence cout means "character output". The cout object is used along with the insertion operator << in order to display a stream of characters.
The cin object is used to accept input from the standard input device i.e. keyboard. It is defined in the iostream header file. C++ cin statement is the instance of the class istream and is used to read input from the standard input device which is usually a keyboard. The extraction operator(>>) is used along with the object cin for reading inputs. The extraction operator extracts the data from the object cin which is entered using the keyboard. The "c" in cin refers to "character" and "in" means "input". Hence cin means "character input". The cin object is used along with the extraction operator >> in order to receive a stream of characters.
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.
In while loop, condition is evaluated first and if it returns true then the statements inside while loop execute, this happens repeatedly until the condition returns false. When condition returns false, the control comes out of loop and jumps to the next statement in the program after while loop. The important point to note when using while loop is that we need to use increment or decrement statement inside while loop so that the loop variable gets changed on each iteration, and at some point condition returns false. This way we can end the execution of while loop otherwise the loop would execute indefinitely. A while loop that never stops is said to be the infinite while loop, when we give the condition in such a way so that it never returns false, then the loops becomes infinite and repeats itself indefinitely.
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
In computer programming, we use the if statement to run a block code only when a certain condition is met. An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the boolean expression is false. There are three forms of if...else statements in C++: • if statement, • if...else statement, • if...else if...else statement, The if statement evaluates the condition inside the parentheses ( ). If the condition evaluates to true, the code inside the body of if is executed. If the condition evaluates to false, the code inside the body of if is skipped.
Get string length. Returns the length of the C string str. C++ strlen() is an inbuilt function that is used to calculate the length of the string. It is a beneficial method to find the length of the string. The strlen() function is defined under the string.h header file. The strlen() takes a null-terminated byte string str as its argument and returns its length. The length does not include a null character. If there is no null character in the string, the behavior of the function is undefined.
In math, A number in which the sum of cube of its individual digits is equal to the number itself is called Armstrong number. 1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3 = 153. To make logic firstly concept about
'Virtual Function' is a special form of member function that is 'declared within a base class' and 'redefined' by a derived class. "virtual" is used to create a virtual function, precede the
This C++ Program code example deals with all two-d transformation such as translation, 'scaling', 'rotation', 'reflection', 'shearing' in homogeneous coordinates. Transformation
A function is block of code which is used to perform a particular task, for example let's say you are writing a "Larger C++ Program", in that program you want to do a particular
This is a C++ Program to perform Fast Fourier Transform. A 'Fast Fourier transform' (FFT) is an algorithm to compute the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) & its inverse. Fourier analysis
