C++ Programming Code Examples
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Random Number in C++
/* Random Number in C++
Sometimes you will need to use random numbers in your programs. For this purpose you can use two functions from library cstdlib and time data type from ctime. You need to add the following include statements in your program:
If you want that your program should always generates a new sequence of random numbers - you need to set a seed to random generator according to the current time. It can be done in the following way: */
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
//set random seed
srand(time_t(NULL));
After this you can get a random number by using rand() function:
//generate a random numbers sequence
for (int i = 0; i != 5; ++i)
cout << "This is a random number " << rand() << endl;
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.
Generate random number. Returns a pseudo-random integral number in the range between 0 and RAND_MAX. This number is generated by an algorithm that returns a sequence of apparently non-related numbers each time it is called. This algorithm uses a seed to generate the series, which should be initialized to some distinctive value using function srand. RAND_MAX is a constant defined in <cstdlib>. The rand() function in C++ is used to generate random numbers; it will generate the same number every time we run the program. In order to seed the rand() function, srand(unsigned int seed) is used. The srand() function sets the initial point for generating the pseudo-random numbers. The rand() function generates numbers randomly.
A relational operator is used to check the relationship between two operands. C++ Relational Operators are used to relate or compare given operands. Relational operations are like checking if two operands are equal or not equal, greater or lesser, etc. Relational Operators are also called Comparison Operators.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
Initialize random number generator. The pseudo-random number generator is initialized using the argument passed as seed. The C++ <cstdlib> srand() function seeds the pseudo-random number generator used by rand() function. If rand() is used before any calls to srand(), rand() behaves as if it was seeded with srand(1). For every different seed value used in a call to srand, the pseudo-random number generator can be expected to generate a different succession of results in the subsequent calls to rand. Two different initializations with the same seed will generate the same succession of results in subsequent calls to rand. If seed is set to 1, the generator is reinitialized to its initial value and produces the same values as before any call to rand or srand.
The cout is a predefined object of ostream class. It is connected with the standard output device, which is usually a display screen. The cout is used in conjunction with stream insertion operator (<<) to display the output on a console. On most program environments, the standard output by default is the screen, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cout. The "c" in cout refers to "character" and "out" means "output". Hence cout means "character output". The cout object is used along with the insertion operator << in order to display a stream of characters.
Basic "arithmetic operators" are +, -, *, /, %. "Increment operator" is ++ and "decrement operator" is --. These operators can be used as before the variable (prefix) and after the
Declare the variables a,b,c. Read the values. Inside the "try block" check the condition. (a. if(a-b!=0) then "calculate the value" of d and display.b. otherwise throw the exception. So
