C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > Code Snippets Code Examples
Template extending
/* Template extending */
template <typename T>
class SimpleTemplate
{
public:
SimpleTemplate(T &inObject);
const T& get();
void set(T& inObject);
protected:
T& mObject;
};
template <typename T>
SimpleTemplate<T>::SimpleTemplate(T &inObject) : mObject(inObject)
{
}
template <typename T>
const T& SimpleTemplate<T>::get()
{
return mObject;
}
template <typename T>
void SimpleTemplate<T>::set(T& inObject)
{
mObject = inObject;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
int i = 7;
SimpleTemplate<int> intWrapper(i);
i = 2;
cout << "wrapper value is " << intWrapper.get() << endl;
string str = "test";
SimpleTemplate<string> stringWrapper(str);
str += "!";
cout << "wrapper value is " << stringWrapper.get() << endl;
}
As the name already suggests, these operators help in assigning values to variables. These operators help us in allocating a particular value to the operands. The main simple assignment operator is '='. We have to be sure that both the left and right sides of the operator must have the same data type. We have different levels of operators. Assignment operators are used to assign the value, variable and function to another variable. Assignment operators in C are some of the C Programming Operator, which are useful to assign the values to the declared variables. Let's discuss the various types of the assignment operators such as =, +=, -=, /=, *= and %=. The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language:
Get characters. Extracts characters from the stream, as unformatted input. The get() function is used to read a character(at a time) from a file. The classes istream and ostream define two member functions get(), put() respectively to handle the single character input/output operations. There are two types of get() functions. Both get(char *) and get(void) prototype can be used to fetch a character including the blank space,tab and newline character. The get(char *) version assigns the input character to its argument and the get(void) version returns the input character. Since these functions are members of input/output Stream classes, these must be invoked using appropriate objects.
Consider a situation, when we have two persons with the same name, jhon, in the same class. Whenever we need to differentiate them definitely we would have to use some additional information along with their name, like either the area, if they live in different area or their mother's or father's name, etc. Same situation can arise in your C++ applications. For example, you might be writing some code that has a function called xyz() and there is another library available which is also having same function xyz(). Now the compiler has no way of knowing which version of xyz() function you are referring to within your code.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
In C++, constructor is a special method which is invoked automatically at the time of object creation. It is used to initialize the data members of new object generally. The constructor in C++ has the same name as class or structure. Constructors are special class functions which performs initialization of every object. The Compiler calls the Constructor whenever an object is created. Constructors initialize values to object members after storage is allocated to the object. Whereas, Destructor on the other hand is used to destroy the class object. • Default Constructor: A constructor which has no argument is known as default constructor. It is invoked at the time of creating object.
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
The main purpose of C++ programming is to add object orientation to the C programming language and classes are the central feature of C++ that supports object-oriented programming and are often called user-defined types. A class is used to specify the form of an object and it combines data representation and methods for manipulating that data into one neat package. The data and functions within a class are called members of the class.
A return statement ends the processing of the current function and returns control to the caller of the function. A value-returning function should include a return statement, containing an expression. If an expression is not given on a return statement in a function declared with a non-void return type, the compiler issues an error message. If the data type of the expression is different from the function return type, conversion of the return value takes place as if the value of the expression were assigned to an object with the same function return type.
C++ program displays the iterative solution to the Tower of Hanoi problem. Tower Of Hanoi consists of 'three rods' and a number of disks of different sizes which can "Slide Onto" any
Function overloading & Operator overloading are examples of "Polymorphism". In The C++ programming In function overloading we can have more than one function by 'same name'
Any "Programming Language" has a "list" of keywords. C++ Keywords are list of reserved words for this Programming Language. Each keyword has a special meaning and it can not
C++ Program finds vertex connectivity of a graph. A vertex in an undirected connected graph is an articulation point iff removing it disconnects the graph. 'Articulation points'
A formal definition of an even number is that it is an integer of the form 'n = 2k', where k is an integer; it can then be shown that an odd number is an integer of the form "n = 2k + 1".
