C++ Programming Code Examples
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Use transform to make the numbers in a list go from a certain range
/* Use transform to make the numbers in a list go from a certain range */
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
list<int> data( 100000 );
// create random numbers
generate( data.begin(), data.end(), rand );
// make them go from 0 to 200
transform( data.begin(), data.end(), data.begin(),bind2nd( modulus<int>(), 201 ) );
// make them go from -100 to 100
transform( data.begin(), data.end(), data.begin(),bind2nd( minus<int>(), 100 ) );
}
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
Consider a situation, when we have two persons with the same name, jhon, in the same class. Whenever we need to differentiate them definitely we would have to use some additional information along with their name, like either the area, if they live in different area or their mother's or father's name, etc. Same situation can arise in your C++ applications. For example, you might be writing some code that has a function called xyz() and there is another library available which is also having same function xyz(). Now the compiler has no way of knowing which version of xyz() function you are referring to within your code.
Subtraction function object class. Binary function object class whose call returns the result of subtracting its second argument from its first argument (as returned by the binary operator -). Generically, function objects are instances of a class with member function operator() defined. This member function allows the object to be used with the same syntax as a function call.
Return iterator to end. Returns an iterator referring to the past-the-end element in the list container. The past-the-end element is the theoretical element that would follow the last element in the list container. It does not point to any element, and thus shall not be dereferenced. Because the ranges used by functions of the standard library do not include the element pointed by their closing iterator, this function is often used in combination with list::begin to specify a range including all the elements in the container. If the container is empty, this function returns the same as list::begin. This function does not accept any parameter.
Return function object with second parameter bound. This function constructs an unary function object from the binary function object op by binding its second parameter to the fixed value x. The function object returned by bind2nd has its operator() defined such that it takes only one argument. This argument is used to call binary function object op with x as the fixed value for the second argument. This function template creates a binder2nd function object. The bind2nd function is a convenient way to construct a binder2nd object. Use bind2nd when you have a binary function and always want to supply the same value as the first argument to the function.
The generate functions assigns random values provided by calling the generator function 'gen' to the elements in the range [begin, end). Notice that begin is included in the range but end is NOT included. C++ Algorithm generate() function is used to assign the value generated by a function object to each element in a range. The generator function is defined by the user and it is called successively for assigning the numbers. This function does not return any value.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
Return iterator to beginning. Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the list container. Notice that, unlike member list::front, which returns a reference to the first element, this function returns a bidirectional iterator pointing to it. If the container is empty, the returned iterator value shall not be dereferenced. begin() function is used to return an iterator pointing to the first element of the list container. It is different from the front() function because the front function returns a reference to the first element of the container but begin() function returns a bidirectional iterator to the first element of the container. This function does not accept any parameter. Function returns an iterator to the beginning of the sequence container.
Transform range. Applies an operation sequentially to the elements of one (1) or two (2) ranges and stores the result in the range that begins at result. The transform() function in C++ sequentially applies an operation to the elements of an array(s) and then stores the result in another output array. The transform function is used in two forms: Unary operation: The operation is applied to each element in the input range, and the result is stored in the output array. The transform() function takes the pointer to the starting and ending position of a single input array and to the starting position of the output array.
List is a popularly used sequence container. Container is an object that holds data of same type. List container is implemented as doubly linked-list, hence it provides bidirectional sequential access to it's data. List doesn't provide fast random access, it only supports sequential access in both directions. List allows insertion and deletion operation anywhere within a sequence in constant time. Elements of list can be scattered in different chunks of memory. Container stores necessary information to allow sequential access to it's data. Lists can shrink or expand as needed from both ends at run time. The storage requirement is fulfilled automatically by internal allocator. Zero sized lists are also valid. In that case list.begin() and list.end() points to same location. But behavior of calling front() or back() is undefined. To define the std::list, we have to import the <list> header file.
In this 'C++' sample, you will learn to compute power to a number manually, by using 'pow()' function. Takes two numbers from the user (a base number and an "exponent") & calculates
