C++ Programming Code Examples
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Computing an inner product of tuples represented as maps
/* Computing an inner product of tuples represented as maps */
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
const long N = 600000; // Length of tuples x and y
const long S = 10; // Sparseness factor
map<long, double> x, y;
for (long k = 0; 3 * k * S < N; ++k)
x[3 * k * S] = 1.0;
for (long k = 0; 5 * k * S < N; ++k)
y[5 * k * S] = 1.0;
double sum;
map<long, double>::iterator ix, iy;
for (sum = 0.0, ix = x.begin(); ix != x.end(); ++ix) {
long i = ix->first;
iy = y.find(i);
if (iy != y.end())
sum += ix->second * iy->second;
}
cout << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
/*
4000
*/
Maps are associative containers that store elements in a mapped fashion. Each element has a key value and a mapped value. No two mapped values can have the same key values. Maps are part of the C++ STL (Standard Template Library). Maps are the associative containers that store sorted key-value pair, in which each key is unique and it can be inserted or deleted but cannot be altered. Values associated with keys can be changed. The key values are good for sorting and identifying elements uniquely. The mapped values are for storing content associated with the key. The two may differ in types, but the member type combines them via a pair type that combines both.
Return iterator to end. Returns an iterator referring to the past-the-end element in the map container. The past-the-end element is the theoretical element that would follow the last element in the map container. It does not point to any element, and thus shall not be dereferenced. Because the ranges used by functions of the standard library do not include the element pointed by their closing iterator, this function is often used in combination with map::begin to specify a range including all the elements in the container. If the container is empty, this function returns the same as map::begin.
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Get iterator to element. Searches the container for an element with a key equivalent to k and returns an iterator to it if found, otherwise it returns an iterator to map::end. Two keys are considered equivalent if the container's comparison object returns false reflexively (i.e., no matter the order in which the elements are passed as arguments). Another member function, map::count, can be used to just check whether a particular key exists. The function accepts one mandatory parameter key which specifies the key to be searched in the map container.
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Return iterator to beginning. Returns an iterator referring to the first element in the map container. Because map containers keep their elements ordered at all times, begin points to the element that goes first following the container's sorting criterion. If the container is empty, the returned iterator value shall not be dereferenced. This function does not accept any parameter. Function returns an iterator to the first element in the container. If the map object is const-qualified, the function returns a const_iterator. Otherwise, it returns an iterator.
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