C++ Programming Code Examples
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Memicmp( ) function: compare two string buffers.
/* Memicmp( ) function: compare two string buffers. */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char buf1[40],buf2[40];
int main( )
{
strcpy(buf1,"this is a test");
strcpy(buf2,"this is a test");
/* 0 - identical strings except for case */
/* x - any integer, means not identical */
printf("%d\n",memicmp(buf1,buf2,40));
/* returns a nonzero value */
return (0);
}
Strings are objects that represent sequences of characters. The standard string class provides support for such objects with an interface similar to that of a standard container of bytes, but adding features specifically designed to operate with strings of single-byte characters. The string class is an instantiation of the basic_string class template that uses char (i.e., bytes) as its character type, with its default char_traits and allocator types. Note that this class handles bytes independently of the encoding used: If used to handle sequences of multi-byte or variable-length characters (such as UTF-8), all members of this class (such as length or size), as well as its iterators, will still operate in terms of bytes (not actual encoded characters).
A return statement ends the processing of the current function and returns control to the caller of the function. A value-returning function should include a return statement, containing an expression. If an expression is not given on a return statement in a function declared with a non-void return type, the compiler issues an error message. If the data type of the expression is different from the function return type, conversion of the return value takes place as if the value of the expression were assigned to an object with the same function return type.
An array is defined as the collection of similar type of data items stored at contiguous memory locations. Arrays are the derived data type in C++ programming language which can store the primitive type of data such as int, char, double, float, etc. It also has the capability to store the collection of derived data types, such as pointers, structure, etc. The array is the simplest data structure where each data element can be randomly accessed by using its index number. C++ array is beneficial if you have to store similar elements. For example, if we want to store the marks of a student in 6 subjects, then we don't need to define different variables for the marks in the different subject. Instead of that, we can define an array which can store the marks in each subject at the contiguous memory locations.
Copy string. Copies the C string pointed by source into the array pointed by destination, including the terminating null character (and stopping at that point). To avoid overflows, the size of the array pointed by destination shall be long enough to contain the same C string as source (including the terminating null character), and should not overlap in memory with source. strcpy() is a standard library function in C/C++ and is used to copy one string to another. In C it is present in string.h header file and in C++ it is present in cstring header file. It copies the whole string to the destination string. It replaces the whole string instead of appending it. It won't change the source string.
Compare two buffers, ignoring case. The memicmp() function compares (case insensitive) length bytes of the buffer pointed to by s1 with those of the buffer pointed to by s2. memcmp and memicmp compares first n bytes of two blocks of memory. memcmp() performs comparison as unsigned characters. memicmp() performs comparison as characters but, ignore upper case or lower case letters. Both functions return an integer value. Function returns 0 - The object pointed to by s1 is the same as the object pointed to by s2.
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
