C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > Computer Graphics Code Examples
Create a Balanced Binary Tree of the Incoming Data
/* Create a Balanced Binary Tree of the Incoming Data
This is a C++ Program to create a balanced binary tree. In computer science, a self-balancing (or height-balanced) binary search tree is any node-based binary search tree that automatically keeps its height (maximal number of levels below the root) small in the face of arbitrary item insertions and deletions. */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef struct bin_tree_node
{
int v;
struct bin_tree_node *left;
struct bin_tree_node *right;
} BTNode;
BTNode *create_bin_tree_node(int v)
{
BTNode *p = new BTNode;
if (p != NULL)
{
p->v = v;
p->left = NULL;
p->right = NULL;
}
return p;
}
void create_balanced_bin_tree(BTNode **root, int arr[], int start, int end)
{
if (start <= end)
{
int mid = (start + end + 1) / 2;
*root = create_bin_tree_node(arr[mid]);
create_balanced_bin_tree(&((*root)->left), arr, start, mid - 1);
create_balanced_bin_tree(&((*root)->right), arr, mid + 1, end);
}
}
void print_bin_tree(BTNode *root)
{
if (root != NULL)
{
cout << root->v << " ";
print_bin_tree(root->left);
print_bin_tree(root->right);
}
}
void print_bin_tree1(BTNode *root)
{
if (root != NULL)
{
print_bin_tree1(root->left);
cout << root->v << " ";
print_bin_tree1(root->right);
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int arr[30];
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
{
arr[i] = i;
}
BTNode *root = NULL;
create_balanced_bin_tree(&root, arr, 0, 29);
cout << "Preorder of balanced tree is: ";
print_bin_tree(root);
cout << "\nInorder of balanced tree is: ";
print_bin_tree1(root);
return 0;
}
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
An array is defined as the collection of similar type of data items stored at contiguous memory locations. Arrays are the derived data type in C++ programming language which can store the primitive type of data such as int, char, double, float, etc. It also has the capability to store the collection of derived data types, such as pointers, structure, etc. The array is the simplest data structure where each data element can be randomly accessed by using its index number. C++ array is beneficial if you have to store similar elements. For example, if we want to store the marks of a student in 6 subjects, then we don't need to define different variables for the marks in the different subject. Instead of that, we can define an array which can store the marks in each subject at the contiguous memory locations.
In C++, classes and structs are blueprints that are used to create the instance of a class. Structs are used for lightweight objects such as Rectangle, color, Point, etc. Unlike class, structs in C++ are value type than reference type. It is useful if you have data that is not intended to be modified after creation of struct. C++ Structure is a collection of different data types. It is similar to the class that holds different types of data. A structure is declared by preceding the struct keyword followed by the identifier(structure name). Inside the curly braces, we can declare the member variables of different types.
Consider a situation, when we have two persons with the same name, jhon, in the same class. Whenever we need to differentiate them definitely we would have to use some additional information along with their name, like either the area, if they live in different area or their mother's or father's name, etc. Same situation can arise in your C++ applications. For example, you might be writing some code that has a function called xyz() and there is another library available which is also having same function xyz(). Now the compiler has no way of knowing which version of xyz() function you are referring to within your code.
A relational operator is used to check the relationship between two operands. C++ Relational Operators are used to relate or compare given operands. Relational operations are like checking if two operands are equal or not equal, greater or lesser, etc. Relational Operators are also called Comparison Operators.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
A return statement ends the processing of the current function and returns control to the caller of the function. A value-returning function should include a return statement, containing an expression. If an expression is not given on a return statement in a function declared with a non-void return type, the compiler issues an error message. If the data type of the expression is different from the function return type, conversion of the return value takes place as if the value of the expression were assigned to an object with the same function return type.
In computer programming, we use the if statement to run a block code only when a certain condition is met. An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the boolean expression is false. There are three forms of if...else statements in C++: • if statement, • if...else statement, • if...else if...else statement, The if statement evaluates the condition inside the parentheses ( ). If the condition evaluates to true, the code inside the body of if is executed. If the condition evaluates to false, the code inside the body of if is skipped.
Arithmetic Operator is used to performing mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, etc., on the given operands. For example: 6 + 3 = 9, 5 - 3 = 2, 3 * 4 = 12, etc. are the examples of arithmetic operators. Let's discuss the different types of Arithmetic Operators in the C programming. Plus Operator is a simple Plus (+) Operator used to add two given operands. We can use Plus Operator with different data types such as integer, float, long, double, enumerated and string type data to add the given operand. The minus operator is denoted by the minus (-) symbol. It is used to return the subtraction of the first number from the second number. The data type of the given number can be different types, such as int, float, double, long double, etc., in the programing language.
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.
Allocate storage space. Default allocation functions (single-object form). A new operator is used to create the object while a delete operator is used to delete the object. When the object is created by using the new operator, then the object will exist until we explicitly use the delete operator to delete the object. Therefore, we can say that the lifetime of the object is not related to the block structure of the program.
In C++, namespace can be defined in different parts of the program. All the objects that are in different parts of a program, but if in same namespace will form one namespace. Better
In this C++ program, user is asked to enter 2 integers. Then, the sum of those 2 integers is stored in a variable and 'displayed' on screen. The variables firstNumber & secondNumber
