C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > File Manipulation Code Examples
This Program Will Encrypt And Decrypt Any File Text Document
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/* This Program Will Encrypt And Decrypt Any File Text Document
Provides The Maximum Security
This Program Will Encrypt Any Type Of Text Document */
#include<fstream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[30],target[30],ch,mod; //Declare
Variables
int num[100],i,option;
cout<<"Enter Your Option ";
cout<<"
1. To Encrypt The File ";
cout<<"
2. To Decrypt The File ";
cout<<"
Option : ";
cin>>option;
if(option==1)
{
cout<<"Enter The Path Of A File Which Is To Be Encrypted : ";
gets(name);
ifstream fin(name,ios::binary); //Open The
Input File In A Binary Mode
if(!fin)
{ //Show
Error
Occur If File Does Not Exist
cout<<"
Error In Openinig Of A File : "; //Or Any
Error
Occurs
return 1;
}
cout<<"
Enter The New Encrypted File Name : ";
gets(target);
ofstream fout(target,ios::binary); //Open The
OutPut File In A Binary Mode
if(!fout)
{
cout<<"
Error In Opening Of Target File : "; //Show Error
If
Any Error Occrs In Opening Of A File
return 1;
}
for(i=0;i<9;i++)
{ //Multiple
For
Loops For Storing The Numbers
num[i]=i; //In An
Array
}
for(i=14;i<31;i++) //Loops Will
Store 100 Numbers
{
num[i-5]=i; //Which Will
Encrypt The Contents Of A File
}
for(i=33;i<=68;i++) //To Avoid
The
Error Ocuur Caused By The
{ //Enter Key
,
Tab Key & Space Key
num[i-7]=i; //These
Variations In Loops Is Made
}
for(i=97;i<=122;i++)
{
num[i-35]=i;
}
while(fin)
{ //Open The
Input
File
fin.get(ch);
if(ch==EOF)break; //Exit To Loop
When End Of File
if((ch>=97) && (ch<=122))
{ //Encrypt The
Small
Letters
i=97;
mod=num[ch-i];
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=65) && (ch<=90))
{
i=39; //Encrypt The
Capital Letters
mod=num[ch-i]; //And Store In
An
Output File
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=48) && (ch<=57))
{
i=4; //Encrypt The
Numbers
mod=num[ch+i];
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch==10)||(ch==13))
{
mod=ch; //For Enter Key
fout<<mod;
}
if(ch==32)
fout<<ch; //For Space Key
if(ch==9)
fout<<ch; //For Tab Key
if((ch>=33)&&(ch<=47))
{ //For Special
Symbols
mod=ch+64;
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=58)&&(ch<=64))
{ //For Special
Symbols
mod=ch+54;
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=91)&&(ch<=96))
{
mod=ch+28; //For Special
Symbols
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=123)&&(ch<=126))
{
mod=ch-40; //For Special
Symbols
fout<<mod;
}
}
fin.close(); //Close The Input
File
fout.close(); //Close The
Output
File
cout<<"
Your File Is Encrypted Now........... ";
getch();
return 0;
}
/*========================================================================
=======================================*/
/* This Program Will Decrypt The Document */
if(option==2)
{
char name[30],target[30],ch,mod; //Declare
Variables
int num[100],i,flag;
cout<<"Enter The Path Of A File Name Which Is To Be Decrypted : ";
gets(name);
ifstream fin(name,ios::binary);
if(!fin) //Open The
Encryped File In A Binary Mode
{
cout<<"Error In Opening Of A File : ";
return 1; //Show
Error
If File Does Not Exist
} //Or Any
Occurs In Opening Of A File
cout<<"
Enter The New Decrypted File Name : ";
gets(target);
ofstream fout;
fout.open(target,ios::binary); //Opens The
Output File In An Binary Mode
if(!fout)
{ //Show
Error
If Any Error Occurs In Opening Of A File
cout<<"Error In Opening Of A Target File : ";
return 1;
}
for(i=0;i<9;i++)
{ //Same
Multiple For Loops For Storing The Numbers
num[i]=i; //In An
Array
}
for(i=14;i<31;i++)
{
num[i-5]=i; //Loops
Will
Store 100 Numbers
}
for(i=33;i<=68;i++) //Which
Encrypts The Document Also Decrypt It
{
num[i-7]=i;
}
while(fin)
{ //Opens The
Encryped File
fin.get(ch);
flag=0; //Turn
Off
Flag
if(ch==EOF)break;
for(i=26;i<52;i++)
{
if(ch==num[i]) //Loop For
Match The Small Letters Letters
{
mod=i+39; //If Match
Then
Put Appropriate Letter
fout<<mod; //In A OutPut
File
flag=1; break ; //Turn On
Flag And Exit The Loop
}
}
if (flag==1) continue ; //If
Flag
Is On Then Continue Outer Loop
for(i=0;i<26;i++)
{ //Loop For
Match The Capital Letters
if(ch==num[i])
{ //If Match
Then
Put Appropriate Letter
mod=i+97; //In A OutPut
File
fout<<mod;
flag=1;break; //Turn On
Flag
And Exit From This Loop
}
}
if (flag==1) continue ; //If Flag
Is
On Then Continue Outer Loop
for(i=52;i<62;i++)
{ //Loop For
Numerical Numbers
if(ch==num[i])
{
mod=i-4;
fout<<mod;
flag=1; break ;
}
}
if (flag==1) continue ;
if((ch==10)||(ch==13))
{
mod=ch; //Condition For
Enter Key
fout<<mod;
}
if(ch==32)
fout<<ch; //Condition For
Space Key
if(ch==9)
fout<<ch; //Condition For
Tab
Key
if((ch>=97)&&(ch<=111))
{
mod=ch-64; //For Special
Symbols
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=112)&&(ch<=118))
{
mod=ch-54; //For Special
Symbols
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=119)&&(ch<=124))
{
mod=ch-28; //For Special
Symbols
fout<<mod;
}
if((ch>=83)&&(ch<=86))
{ //For Special
Symbols
mod=ch+40;
fout<<mod;
}
}
fin.close(); //Close The
Encrypted
File
fout.close(); //Close Your
Original
Decrypted File
cout<<"
The File Is Being Decrypted............ ";
getch();
return 0;
}
return 0;
}
Get characters. Extracts characters from the stream, as unformatted input. The get() function is used to read a character(at a time) from a file. The classes istream and ostream define two member functions get(), put() respectively to handle the single character input/output operations. There are two types of get() functions. Both get(char *) and get(void) prototype can be used to fetch a character including the blank space,tab and newline character. The get(char *) version assigns the input character to its argument and the get(void) version returns the input character. Since these functions are members of input/output Stream classes, these must be invoked using appropriate objects.
In C++ programming we are using the iostream standard library, it provides cin and cout methods for reading from input and writing to output respectively. To read and write from a file we are using the standard C++ library called fstream. Let us see the data types define in fstream library is: • ofstream: This data type represents the output file stream and is used to create files and to write information to files. • ifstream: This data type represents the input file stream and is used to read information from files. • fstream: This data type represents the file stream generally, and has the capabilities of both ofstream and ifstream which means it can create files, write information to files, and read information from files.
As the name already suggests, these operators help in assigning values to variables. These operators help us in allocating a particular value to the operands. The main simple assignment operator is '='. We have to be sure that both the left and right sides of the operator must have the same data type. We have different levels of operators. Assignment operators are used to assign the value, variable and function to another variable. Assignment operators in C are some of the C Programming Operator, which are useful to assign the values to the declared variables. Let's discuss the various types of the assignment operators such as =, +=, -=, /=, *= and %=. The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language:
An array is defined as the collection of similar type of data items stored at contiguous memory locations. Arrays are the derived data type in C++ programming language which can store the primitive type of data such as int, char, double, float, etc. It also has the capability to store the collection of derived data types, such as pointers, structure, etc. The array is the simplest data structure where each data element can be randomly accessed by using its index number. C++ array is beneficial if you have to store similar elements. For example, if we want to store the marks of a student in 6 subjects, then we don't need to define different variables for the marks in the different subject. Instead of that, we can define an array which can store the marks in each subject at the contiguous memory locations.
Continue statement is used inside loops. Whenever a continue statement is encountered inside a loop, control directly jumps to the beginning of the loop for next iteration, skipping the execution of statements inside loop's body for the current iteration. The continue statement works somewhat like the break statement. Instead of forcing termination, however, continue forces the next iteration of the loop to take place, skipping any code in between. For the for loop, continue causes the conditional test and increment portions of the loop to execute. For the while and do...while loops, program control passes to the conditional tests.
The cout is a predefined object of ostream class. It is connected with the standard output device, which is usually a display screen. The cout is used in conjunction with stream insertion operator (<<) to display the output on a console. On most program environments, the standard output by default is the screen, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cout. The "c" in cout refers to "character" and "out" means "output". Hence cout means "character output". The cout object is used along with the insertion operator << in order to display a stream of characters.
Break statement in C++ is a loop control statement defined using the break keyword. It is used to stop the current execution and proceed with the next one. When a compiler calls the break statement, it immediately stops the execution of the loop and transfers the control outside the loop and executes the other statements. In the case of a nested loop, break the statement stops the execution of the inner loop and proceeds with the outer loop. The statement itself says it breaks the loop. When the break statement is called in the program, it immediately terminates the loop and transfers the flow control to the statement mentioned outside the loop.
Open file. Opens the file identified by argument filename, associating it with the stream object, so that input/output operations are performed on its content. Argument mode specifies the opening mode. If the stream is already associated with a file (i.e., it is already open), calling this function fails. The file association of a stream is kept by its internal stream buffer: Internally, the function calls rdbuf()->open(filename,mode|ios_base::out). The function clears the stream's state flags on success (setting them to goodbit). In case of failure, failbit is set.
Logical Operators are used to compare and connect two or more expressions or variables, such that the value of the expression is completely dependent on the original expression or value or variable. We use logical operators to check whether an expression is true or false. If the expression is true, it returns 1 whereas if the expression is false, it returns 0. Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0:
The cin object is used to accept input from the standard input device i.e. keyboard. It is defined in the iostream header file. C++ cin statement is the instance of the class istream and is used to read input from the standard input device which is usually a keyboard. The extraction operator(>>) is used along with the object cin for reading inputs. The extraction operator extracts the data from the object cin which is entered using the keyboard. The "c" in cin refers to "character" and "in" means "input". Hence cin means "character input". The cin object is used along with the extraction operator >> in order to receive a stream of characters.
Get string from stdin. Reads characters from the standard input (stdin) and stores them as a C string into str until a newline character or the end-of-file is reached. The newline character, if found, is not copied into str. A terminating null character is automatically appended after the characters copied to str. Notice that gets is quite different from fgets: not only gets uses stdin as source, but it does not include the ending newline character in the resulting string and does not allow to specify a maximum size for str (which can lead to buffer overflows). On success, the function returns str.
In while loop, condition is evaluated first and if it returns true then the statements inside while loop execute, this happens repeatedly until the condition returns false. When condition returns false, the control comes out of loop and jumps to the next statement in the program after while loop. The important point to note when using while loop is that we need to use increment or decrement statement inside while loop so that the loop variable gets changed on each iteration, and at some point condition returns false. This way we can end the execution of while loop otherwise the loop would execute indefinitely. A while loop that never stops is said to be the infinite while loop, when we give the condition in such a way so that it never returns false, then the loops becomes infinite and repeats itself indefinitely.
In computer programming, we use the if statement to run a block code only when a certain condition is met. An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the boolean expression is false. There are three forms of if...else statements in C++: • if statement, • if...else statement, • if...else if...else statement, The if statement evaluates the condition inside the parentheses ( ). If the condition evaluates to true, the code inside the body of if is executed. If the condition evaluates to false, the code inside the body of if is skipped.
C supports nesting of loops in C. Nesting of loops is the feature in C that allows the looping of statements inside another loop. Any number of loops can be defined inside another loop, i.e., there is no restriction for defining any number of loops. The nesting level can be defined at n times. You can define any type of loop inside another loop; for example, you can define 'while' loop inside a 'for' loop. A loop inside another loop is called a nested loop. The depth of nested loop depends on the complexity of a problem. We can have any number of nested loops as required. Consider a nested loop where the outer loop runs n times and consists of another loop inside it. The inner loop runs m times. Then, the total number of times the inner loop runs during the program execution is n*m.
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
The getch() is a predefined non-standard function that is defined in conio.h header file. It is mostly used by the Dev C/C++, MS- DOS's compilers like Turbo C to hold the screen until the user passes a single value to exit from the console screen. It can also be used to read a single byte character or string from the keyboard and then print. It does not hold any parameters. It has no buffer area to store the input character in a program. The getch() function does not accept any parameter from the user. It returns the ASCII value of the key pressed by the user as an input.
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
Swap numbers means exchange the values of two variables with each other. Variable num1 contains 20 and num2 contains 40 after swap there values num1 contains 40 num2 contains
C++ language allows us to separate program-specific datatypes through the use of classes. "C++ Classes" define types of data structures and the functions that operate on those data
