C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > For Loops and While Loops Code Examples
Break and Continue statement
/* Break and Continue statement
We used break statement in switch...case structures. We can also use "break" statement inside loops to terminate a loop and exit it (with a specific condition).
In above example loop execution continues until either num>=20 or entered score is negative. */
while (num<20)
{
printf("Enter score : ");
scanf("%d",&scores[num]);
if(scores[num]<0)
break;
}
/* Continue statement can be used in loops. Like breakcommand continue changes flow of a program. It does not terminate the loop however. It just skips the rest of current iteration of the loop and returns to starting point of the loop.
Example 1 (break) */
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
/* local variable definition */
int a = 10;
/* while loop execution */
while( a < 20 ) {
printf("value of a: %d\n", a);
a++;
if( a > 15) {
/* terminate the loop using break statement */
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
/* value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15
Example 2 (continue) */
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
while((ch=getchar())!='\n')
{
if(ch=='.')
continue;
putchar(ch);
}
}
/* In above example, program accepts all input but omits the '.' character from it. The text will be echoed as you enter it but the main output will be printed after you press the enter key (which is equal to inserting a "\n" character) is pressed. As we told earlier this is because getchar() function is a buffered input function. */
A relational operator is used to check the relationship between two operands. C++ Relational Operators are used to relate or compare given operands. Relational operations are like checking if two operands are equal or not equal, greater or lesser, etc. Relational Operators are also called Comparison Operators.
Get character from stdin. Returns the next character from the standard input (stdin). It is equivalent to calling getc with stdin as argument. The getchar() function is equivalent to a call to getc(stdin). It reads the next character from stdin which is usually the keyboard. getc() can read from any input stream, but getchar() reads from standard input. So getchar() is equivalent to getc(stdin). This function does not accept any parameter. On success, the character read is returned (promoted to an int value).
In computer programming, we use the if statement to run a block code only when a certain condition is met. An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the boolean expression is false. There are three forms of if...else statements in C++: • if statement, • if...else statement, • if...else if...else statement, The if statement evaluates the condition inside the parentheses ( ). If the condition evaluates to true, the code inside the body of if is executed. If the condition evaluates to false, the code inside the body of if is skipped.
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.
In while loop, condition is evaluated first and if it returns true then the statements inside while loop execute, this happens repeatedly until the condition returns false. When condition returns false, the control comes out of loop and jumps to the next statement in the program after while loop. The important point to note when using while loop is that we need to use increment or decrement statement inside while loop so that the loop variable gets changed on each iteration, and at some point condition returns false. This way we can end the execution of while loop otherwise the loop would execute indefinitely. A while loop that never stops is said to be the infinite while loop, when we give the condition in such a way so that it never returns false, then the loops becomes infinite and repeats itself indefinitely.
Break statement in C++ is a loop control statement defined using the break keyword. It is used to stop the current execution and proceed with the next one. When a compiler calls the break statement, it immediately stops the execution of the loop and transfers the control outside the loop and executes the other statements. In the case of a nested loop, break the statement stops the execution of the inner loop and proceeds with the outer loop. The statement itself says it breaks the loop. When the break statement is called in the program, it immediately terminates the loop and transfers the flow control to the statement mentioned outside the loop.
Continue statement is used inside loops. Whenever a continue statement is encountered inside a loop, control directly jumps to the beginning of the loop for next iteration, skipping the execution of statements inside loop's body for the current iteration. The continue statement works somewhat like the break statement. Instead of forcing termination, however, continue forces the next iteration of the loop to take place, skipping any code in between. For the for loop, continue causes the conditional test and increment portions of the loop to execute. For the while and do...while loops, program control passes to the conditional tests.
Allocating memory for "ODBC" Environment handle. Connecting to the data source "db97" using userid and password. Prepare the SQL statement by assigning it to the "statement"
Array is the collection of similar data type, In this c++ program we find duplicate elements from an array, Suppose array have 3, 5, 6, 11, 5 and 7 elements, in this array 5 appear two
C++ Code is very simple it takes input in two 2D arrays each with size of 2X2. After taking the input program "multiply two matrix" in 3 nested for loops. Size of arrays is defined use
