C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > Games Code Examples
The Mind Reader
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/* The Mind Reader */
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void First_Card(void);void Second_Card(void);
void Third_Card(void);void Fourth_Card(void);
void Fifth_Card(void);void Sixth_Card(void);
void Analyze(void); Check(void);
void main(void)
{ int ans=0,in=0;
clrscr();
_setcursortype(_NOCURSOR);
First_Card();
in=Check(); if (in==0) ans+=1;
Second_Card();
in=Check(); if (in==0) ans+=2;
Third_Card();
in=Check(); if (in==0) ans+=4;
Fourth_Card();
in=Check(); if (in==0) ans+=8;
Fifth_Card();
in=Check(); if (in==0) ans+=16;
Sixth_Card();
in=Check(); if (in==0) ans+=32;
textcolor(WHITE);textbackground(BLACK);
clrscr(); Analyze(); clrscr();
if(ans>60) {gotoxy(20,12);printf("You Entered Incorrect Information.");}
else
{gotoxy(28,13);printf("Your No Is : "%d"",ans);}
}
void First_Card(void)
{
gotoxy(25,6); printf("ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»");
gotoxy(25,7); printf("º C O M P U T E R G A M E º");
gotoxy(25,8); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,9); printf("º 1 º 3 º 5 º 7 º 9 º 11 º");
gotoxy(25,10); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,11); printf("º 13 º 15 º 17 º 19 º 21 º 23 º");
gotoxy(25,12); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,13); printf("º 25 º 27 º 29 º 31 º 33 º 35 º");
gotoxy(25,14); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,15); printf("º 37 º 39 º 41 º 43 º 45 º 47 º");
gotoxy(25,16); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,17); printf("º 49 º 51 º 53 º 55 º 57 º 59 º");
gotoxy(25,18); printf("ÈÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍͼ");
}
void Second_Card(void)
{
gotoxy(25,6); printf("ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»");
gotoxy(25,7); printf("º C O M P U T E R G A M E º");
gotoxy(25,8); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,9); printf("º 2 º 3 º 6 º 7 º 10 º 11 º");
gotoxy(25,10); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,11); printf("º 14 º 15 º 18 º 19 º 22 º 23 º");
gotoxy(25,12); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,13); printf("º 25 º 27 º 30 º 31 º 34 º 35 º");
gotoxy(25,14); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,15); printf("º 38 º 39 º 42 º 43 º 46 º 47 º");
gotoxy(25,16); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,17); printf("º 50 º 51 º 54 º 55 º 58 º 59 º");
gotoxy(25,18); printf("ÈÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍͼ");
}
void Third_Card(void)
{
gotoxy(25,6); printf("ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»");
gotoxy(25,7); printf("º C O M P U T E R G A M E º");
gotoxy(25,8); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,9); printf("º 4 º 5 º 6 º 7 º 12 º 13 º");
gotoxy(25,10); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,11); printf("º 14 º 15 º 20 º 21 º 22 º 23 º");
gotoxy(25,12); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,13); printf("º 28 º 29 º 30 º 31 º 36 º 37 º");
gotoxy(25,14); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,15); printf("º 38 º 39 º 44 º 45 º 46 º 47 º");
gotoxy(25,16); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,17); printf("º 52 º 53 º 54 º 55 º 60 º 60 º");
gotoxy(25,18); printf("ÈÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍͼ");
}
void Fourth_Card(void)
{
gotoxy(25,6); printf("ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»");
gotoxy(25,7); printf("º C O M P U T E R G A M E º");
gotoxy(25,8); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,9); printf("º 8 º 9 º 10 º 11 º 12 º 13 º");
gotoxy(25,10); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,11); printf("º 14 º 15 º 24 º 25 º 26 º 27 º");
gotoxy(25,12); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,13); printf("º 28 º 29 º 30 º 31 º 40 º 41 º");
gotoxy(25,14); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,15); printf("º 42 º 43 º 44 º 45 º 46 º 47 º");
gotoxy(25,16); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,17); printf("º 56 º 57 º 58 º 59 º 60 º 60 º");
gotoxy(25,18); printf("ÈÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍͼ");
}
void Fifth_Card(void)
{
gotoxy(25,6); printf("ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»");
gotoxy(25,7); printf("º C O M P U T E R G A M E º");
gotoxy(25,8); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍÍËÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,9); printf("º 16 º 17 º 18 º 19 º 20 º 21 º");
gotoxy(25,10); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,11); printf("º 22 º 23 º 24 º 25 º 26 º 27 º");
gotoxy(25,12); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,13); printf("º 28 º 29 º 30 º 31 º 48 º 49 º");
gotoxy(25,14); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,15); printf("º 50 º 51 º 52 º 53 º 54 º 55 º");
gotoxy(25,16); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,17); printf("º 56 º 57 º 58 º 59 º 60 º 60 º");
gotoxy(25,18); printf("ÈÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍͼ");
}
void Sixth_Card(void)
{
gotoxy(25,6); printf("ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
52 º 53 º 54 º 55 º");
gotoxy(25,16); printf("ÌÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍ͹");
gotoxy(25,17); printf("º 56 º 57 º 58 º 59 º 60 º 60 º");
gotoxy(25,18); printf("ÈÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍͼ");
}
Check(void)
{
int loop,key,index=0;
char *menu[]={" Yes "," No "};
textcolor(WHITE);
textbackground(CYAN);
while(1)
{ for (loop=0;loop<2;loop++)
{ if (loop==index)
textbackground(YELLOW);
else
textbackground(CYAN);
gotoxy(33+loop*10,20);cprintf("%s",menu[loop]);
}
key=getch();
switch(key)
{ case 75:
index--;if (index<0) index=1;break;
case 77:
index++;if (index>1) index=0;break;
case 13: return index;
}
}
}
void Analyze(void)
{
gotoxy(30,10); printf("Analyzing Result...");
gotoxy(25,11); printf("ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»");
gotoxy(25,12); printf("º °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° º");
gotoxy(25,13); printf("ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍͼ");
for(int a=27;a<=53;a++)
{ delay(100);
gotoxy(a,12);printf("%c",219);
}
}
getch() Function in C++
The getch() is a predefined non-standard function that is defined in conio.h header file. It is mostly used by the Dev C/C++, MS- DOS's compilers like Turbo C to hold the screen until the user passes a single value to exit from the console screen. It can also be used to read a single byte character or string from the keyboard and then print. It does not hold any parameters. It has no buffer area to store the input character in a program.
Syntax for getch() Function in C++
#include <conio.h>
int getch(void);
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/* wait for any character input from keyboard by getch() function code example. The getch() function is very useful if you want to read a character input from the keyboard. */
// C code to illustrate working of
// getch() to accept hidden inputs
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10, b=20;
int sum=0;
clrscr();
sum=a+b;
cout<<"Sum: "<<sum;
getch(); // use getch() befor end of main()
}
Switch Case Statement in C++
Switch statement in C tests the value of a variable and compares it with multiple cases. Once the case match is found, a block of statements associated with that particular case is executed.
Each case in a block of a switch has a different name/number which is referred to as an identifier. The value provided by the user is compared with all the cases inside the switch block until the match is found.
If a case match is NOT found, then the default statement is executed, and the control goes out of the switch block.
Syntax for Switch Case Statement in C++
switch( expression )
{
case value-1:
Block-1;
Break;
case value-2:
Block-2;
Break;
case value-n:
Block-n;
Break;
default:
Block-1;
Break;
}
Statement-x;
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/* the switch statement helps in testing the equality of a variable against a set of values */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
// local variable declaration:
char grade = 'D';
switch(grade) {
case 'A' :
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
break;
case 'B' :
case 'C' :
cout << "Well done" << endl;
break;
case 'D' :
cout << "You passed" << endl;
break;
case 'F' :
cout << "Better try again" << endl;
break;
default :
cout << "Invalid grade" << endl;
}
cout << "Your grade is " << grade << endl;
return 0;
}
main() Function in C++
A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.
Syntax for main() Function in C++
void main()
{
............
............
}
void
void is a keyword in C++ language, void means nothing, whenever we use void as a function return type then that function nothing return. here main() function no return any value.
main
main is a name of function which is predefined function in C++ library.
In place of void we can also use int return type of main() function, at that time main() return integer type value.
1) It cannot be used anywhere in the program
a) in particular, it cannot be called recursively
b) its address cannot be taken
2) It cannot be predefined and cannot be overloaded: effectively, the name main in the global namespace is reserved for functions (although it can be used to name classes, namespaces, enumerations, and any entity in a non-global namespace, except that a function called "main" cannot be declared with C language linkage in any namespace).
3) It cannot be defined as deleted or (since C++11) declared with C language linkage, constexpr (since C++11), consteval (since C++20), inline, or static.
4) The body of the main function does not need to contain the return statement: if control reaches the end of main without encountering a return statement, the effect is that of executing return 0;.
5) Execution of the return (or the implicit return upon reaching the end of main) is equivalent to first leaving the function normally (which destroys the objects with automatic storage duration) and then calling std::exit with the same argument as the argument of the return. (std::exit then destroys static objects and terminates the program).
6) (since C++14) The return type of the main function cannot be deduced (auto main() {... is not allowed).
7) (since C++20) The main function cannot be a coroutine.
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/* simple code example by main() function in C++ */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 1:
cout << "Monday";
break;
case 2:
cout << "Tuesday";
break;
case 3:
cout << "Wednesday";
break;
case 4:
cout << "Thursday";
break;
case 5:
cout << "Friday";
break;
case 6:
cout << "Saturday";
break;
case 7:
cout << "Sunday";
break;
}
return 0;
}
Assignment Operators in C++
As the name already suggests, these operators help in assigning values to variables. These operators help us in allocating a particular value to the operands. The main simple assignment operator is '='. We have to be sure that both the left and right sides of the operator must have the same data type. We have different levels of operators.
Assignment operators are used to assign the value, variable and function to another variable. Assignment operators in C are some of the C Programming Operator, which are useful to assign the values to the declared variables. Let's discuss the various types of the assignment operators such as =, +=, -=, /=, *= and %=. The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language:
=
Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand
+=
Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand.
-=
Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
*=
Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
/=
Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
%=
Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.
<<=
Left shift AND assignment operator.
>>=
Right shift AND assignment operator.
&=
Bitwise AND assignment operator.
^=
Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.
|=
Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.
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/* Assignment operators are used to assigning value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error. */
// C++ program to demonstrate working of Assignment operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Assigning value 10 to a
// using "=" operator
int a = 10;
cout << "Value of a is "<<a<<"\n";
// Assigning value by adding 10 to a
// using "+=" operator
a += 10;
cout << "Value of a is "<<a<<"\n";
// Assigning value by subtracting 10 from a
// using "-=" operator
a -= 10;
cout << "Value of a is "<<a<<"\n";
// Assigning value by multiplying 10 to a
// using "*=" operator
a *= 10;
cout << "Value of a is "<<a<<"\n";
// Assigning value by dividing 10 from a
// using "/=" operator
a /= 10;
cout << "Value of a is "<<a<<"\n";
return 0;
}
textbackground() Function in C++
Function textbackground is used to change current background color in text mode. To use the textbackground() function all you need to do is before printing any text call this function with a parameter defining the color in capital letters. That will be enough to change the background color of the text.
Syntax for textbackground() Function in C++
void textbackground(int color);
color
specify the color
INT VALUES corresponding to Colors:
• BLACK 0
• BLUE 1
• GREEN 2
• CYAN 3
• RED 4
• MAGENTA 5
• BROWN 6
• LIGHTGRAY 7
• DARKGRAY 8
• LIGHTBLUE 9
• LIGHTGREEN 10
• LIGHTCYAN 11
• LIGHTRED 12
• LIGHTMAGENTA 13
• YELLOW 14
• WHITE 15
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/* In C++ programming, the background of the output screen is black and text color is in white color. We can color both the background and text color in the output screen. */
void office::of_beg()
{
int i, v;
do{
textbackground(BLUE);
textcolor(CYAN);
_setcursortype(_NORMALCURSOR);
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<10;++i)
{
box(1+7*i,1+2*i,4,4);
delay(80);
box(1+7*i,1+2*i,4,4,int(' '));
}
box(74,22,4,4);
gotoxy(25,2);
textcolor(GREEN);
cputs("WELCOME TO CREEPER OFFICE...");
gotoxy(6,6);
textcolor(CYAN);
cout<<"1. CALCULATOR";
gotoxy(6,12);
cout<<"0. MAIN MENU";
gotoxy(6,8);
cout<<"2. CREEPER FILE EXPERT ";
gotoxy(6,10);
cout<<"3. CALENDAR ";
gotoxy(25,22);
cout<<"ENTER THE CHOICE NUMBER : ";
v=int(getche()-48);
delay(100);
if(v)
{ switch(v)
{
case 1:
calc();
break;
case 2:
class File a;
break;
case 3:
calendar();
break;
default:
gotoxy(55,22);
cputs("INVALID ENTRY");
delay(1000);
break;
}
}
}while(v!=0);
}
delay() Function in C++
delay() function is used to hold the program's execution for given number of milliseconds, it is declared in dos.h header file.
There can be many instances when we need to create a delay in our programs. C++ provides us with an easy way to do so. We can use a delay() function for this purpose in our code. We can run the code after a specific time in C++ using delay() function.
Syntax for delay() Function in C++
void delay(unsigned int milliseconds);
milliseconds
how many milliseconds to delay
The function takes one parameter which is unsigned integer.
Here, void suggests that this function returns nothing.
'delay' is the function name.
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/* hold the program's execution for given number of milliseconds by delay() function code example. */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<dos.h> //for delay()
#include<conio.h> //for getch()
int main()
{
clrscr();
int n;
cout<<"Enter the delay (in seconds) you want to make after giving input."<<endl;
cin>>n;
delay(n*1000);
cout<<"This has been printed after "<< n <<" seconds delay";
getch();
return 0;
}
#include Directive in C++
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.
Syntax for #include Directive in C++
#include "user-defined_file"
#include <header_file>
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/* using #include directive in C language */
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
/*
* C standard library printf function
* defined in the stdio.h header file
*/
printf("I love you Clementine");
printf("I love you so much");
printf("HappyCodings");
return 0;
}
textcolor() Function in C++
Use the textcolor function to define what color you want to use for text. You can use this function to vary the text colors of your output. Colors must be written in all caps, or expressed as a numeral.
Now, if you want your text to blink then while calling the textcolor() function pass the color and also say BLINK. This will like this: textcolor(BLUE+BLINK).
Syntax for textcolor() Function in C++
void textcolor(int color);
color
specify the color
Change the color of drawing text where color is a integer variable
INT VALUES corresponding to Colors:
• BLACK 0
• BLUE 1
• GREEN 2
• CYAN 3
• RED 4
• MAGENTA 5
• BROWN 6
• LIGHTGRAY 7
• DARKGRAY 8
• LIGHTBLUE 9
• LIGHTGREEN 10
• LIGHTCYAN 11
• LIGHTRED 12
• LIGHTMAGENTA 13
• YELLOW 14
• WHITE 15
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/* In C++ programming, the background of the output screen is black and text color is in white color. We can color both the background and text color in the output screen. */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
//this should be enough I guess
using namespace std;
string a;
int main()
{
clrscr();
textcolor(2);
gotoxy(3,3);
textattr(4);
cout << "This should be underlined?";
cout << endl;
cout << "Wanna end this program? Press a key (Y) and then press enter..";
cin >> a;
}
Break Statement in C++
Break statement in C++ is a loop control statement defined using the break keyword. It is used to stop the current execution and proceed with the next one. When a compiler calls the break statement, it immediately stops the execution of the loop and transfers the control outside the loop and executes the other statements. In the case of a nested loop, break the statement stops the execution of the inner loop and proceeds with the outer loop. The statement itself says it breaks the loop. When the break statement is called in the program, it immediately terminates the loop and transfers the flow control to the statement mentioned outside the loop.
Syntax for Break Statement in C++
// jump-statement;
break;
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/* break statement with while loop code example */
// program to find the sum of positive numbers
// if the user enters a negative numbers, break ends the loop
// the negative number entered is not added to sum
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number;
int sum = 0;
while (true) {
// take input from the user
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
// break condition
if (number < 0) {
break;
}
// add all positive numbers
sum += number;
}
// display the sum
cout << "The sum is " << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
While Loop Statement in C++
In while loop, condition is evaluated first and if it returns true then the statements inside while loop execute, this happens repeatedly until the condition returns false. When condition returns false, the control comes out of loop and jumps to the next statement in the program after while loop.
The important point to note when using while loop is that we need to use increment or decrement statement inside while loop so that the loop variable gets changed on each iteration, and at some point condition returns false. This way we can end the execution of while loop otherwise the loop would execute indefinitely. A while loop that never stops is said to be the infinite while loop, when we give the condition in such a way so that it never returns false, then the loops becomes infinite and repeats itself indefinitely.
Syntax for While Loop Statement in C++
while (condition) {
// body of the loop
}
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/* While Loop Statement in C++ language */
// program to find the sum of positive numbers
// if the user enters a negative number, the loop ends
// the negative number entered is not added to the sum
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number;
int sum = 0;
// take input from the user
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
while (number >= 0) {
// add all positive numbers
sum += number;
// take input again if the number is positive
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
}
// display the sum
cout << "\nThe sum is " << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
For Loop Statement in C++
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code. For example, when you are displaying number from 1 to 100 you may want set the value of a variable to 1 and display it 100 times, increasing its value by 1 on each loop iteration. When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop. A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.
Syntax of For Loop Statement in C++
for (initialization; condition; update) {
// body of-loop
}
initialization
initializes variables and is executed only once.
condition
if true, the body of for loop is executed, if false, the for loop is terminated.
update
updates the value of initialized variables and again checks the condition.
A new range-based for loop was introduced to work with collections such as arrays and vectors.
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/* For Loop Statement in C++ Language */
// C++ program to find the sum of first n natural numbers
// positive integers such as 1,2,3,...n are known as natural numbers
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int num, sum;
sum = 0;
cout << "Enter a positive integer: ";
cin >> num;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; ++i) {
sum += i;
}
cout << "Sum = " << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
If Else Statement in C++
In computer programming, we use the if statement to run a block code only when a certain condition is met. An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the boolean expression is false. There are three forms of if...else statements in C++:
• if statement,
• if...else statement,
• if...else if...else statement,
Syntax for If Statement in C++
if (condition) {
// body of if statement
}
Syntax for If...Else Statement
if (condition) {
// block of code if condition is true
}
else {
// block of code if condition is false
}
Syntax for If...Else...Else If Statement in C++
if (condition1) {
// code block 1
}
else if (condition2){
// code block 2
}
else {
// code block 3
}
Syntax for If Else If Ladder in C++
if (condition)
statement 1;
else if (condition)
statement 2;
.
.
else
statement;
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/* If Else Statement in C++ Language */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
// local variable declaration:
int a = 100;
// check the boolean condition
if( a < 20 ) {
// if condition is true then print the following
cout << "a is less than 20;" << endl;
} else {
// if condition is false then print the following
cout << "a is not less than 20;" << endl;
}
cout << "value of a is : " << a << endl;
return 0;
}
clrscr() Function in C++
It is a predefined function in "conio.h" (console input output header file) used to clear the console screen. It is a predefined function, by using this function we can clear the data from console (Monitor). Using of clrscr() is always optional but it should be place after variable or function declaration only.
It is often used at the beginning of the program (mostly after variable declaration but not necessarily) so that the console is clear for our output.
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/* clrscr() function is also a non-standard function defined in "conio.h" header. This function is used to clear the console screen. It is often used at the beginning of the program (mostly after variable declaration but not necessarily) so that the console is clear for our output.*/
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10, b=20;
int sum=0;
clrscr(); // use clrscr() after variable declaration
sum=a+b;
cout<<"Sum: "<<sum;
//clear the console screen
clrscr();
getch();
}
gotoxy() Function in C++
Positions cursor in text window. The gotoxy() function places the cursor at the desired location on the screen. This means it is possible to change the cursor location on the screen using the gotoxy() function. It is basically used to print text wherever the cursor is moved.
If the coordinates are in any way invalid the call to gotoxy is ignored. Neither argument to gotoxy can be zero.
Syntax for gotoxy() Function in C++
void gotoxy(int x, int y);
x
X coordinate of the position where we want to place the cursor.
y
Y coordinate of the position where we want to place the cursor.
This function does not return any value.
Do not use this function for Win32s or Win32 GUI applications.
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/* The gotoxy() function places the cursor at the desired location on the screen. This means it is possible to change the cursor location on the screen using the gotoxy() function. It is basically used to print text wherever the cursor is moved. */
// Description: prints grid at given origin (xPos, yPos)
// Arguments:
// xPos - x coordinate of origin
// yPos - y coordinate of origin
void Grid::print(int xPos, int yPos){
#ifdef EN_PRINT
for(int i = 0;i < GRID_LENGTH;i++){
for(int j = 0;j < GRID_LENGTH;j++){
int x = xPos + 6 * j;
int y = yPos + 2 * i;
gotoXY(x,y);
std::cout<<" ";
gotoXY(x,y);
std::cout<<m_data[i*GRID_LENGTH + j];
}
}
#endif
}
C++ Program perform LU Decomposition of a matrix. LU decomposition factors a matrix as the product of a Lower Triangular Matrix and an upper 'triangular matrix'. Code sometimes
C++ Program perform Naive String matching algorithm. "String Searching" algorithm is an important class of string algorithm that try to find a place where one or several strings (also
