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Function Templates in C++ Programming Language
Function Templates in C++
A C++ template is a powerful feature added to C++. It allows you to define the generic classes and generic functions and thus provides support for generic programming. Generic programming is a technique where generic types are used as parameters in algorithms so that they can work for a variety of data types.
We can define a template for a function. For example, if we have an add() function, we can create versions of the add function for adding the int, float or double type values.
Syntax for Function Templates in C++
template < class Ttype> ret_type func_name(parameter_list)
{
// body of function.
}
Ttype
a placeholder name
class
specify a generic type
Where Ttype: It is a placeholder name for a data type used by the function. It is used within the function definition. It is only a placeholder that the compiler will automatically replace this placeholder with the actual data type.
class: A class keyword is used to specify a generic type in a template declaration.
• Generic functions use the concept of a function template. Generic functions define a set of operations that can be applied to the various types of data.
• The type of the data that the function will operate on depends on the type of the data passed as a parameter.
• For example, Quick sorting algorithm is implemented using a generic function, it can be implemented to an array of integers or array of floats.
• A Generic function is created by using the keyword template. The template defines what function will do.
Function templates with multiple parameters:
We can use more than one generic type in the template function by using the comma to separate the list.
template<class T1, class T2,.....>
return_type function_name (arguments of type T1, T2....)
{
// body of function.
}
/* function templates in C++ language */
/* adding two numbers using function templates */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
T add(T num1, T num2) {
return (num1 + num2);
}
int main() {
int result1;
double result2;
// calling with int parameters
result1 = add<int>(2, 3);
cout << "2 + 3 = " << result1 << endl;
// calling with double parameters
result2 = add<double>(2.2, 3.3);
cout << "2.2 + 3.3 = " << result2 << endl;
return 0;
}
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