C++ Programming Code Examples
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Inheritance in C++ Programming Language
Inheritance in C++
In C++, inheritance is a process in which one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of its parent object automatically. In such way, you can reuse, extend or modify the attributes and behaviors which are defined in other class.
In C++, the class which inherits the members of another class is called derived class and the class whose members are inherited is called base class. The derived class is the specialized class for the base class.
Advantage of C++ Inheritance
You can reuse the members of your parent class. So, there is no need to define the member again. So less code is required in the class.
Base and Derived Classes:
A class can be derived from more than one classes, which means it can inherit data and functions from multiple base classes. To define a derived class, we use a class derivation list to specify the base class(es). A class derivation list names one or more base classes and has the form:
class derived-class: access-specifier base-class
C++ Single Inheritance
Single inheritance is defined as the inheritance in which a derived class is inherited from the only one base class.
How to make a Private Member Inheritable:
The private member is not inheritable. If we modify the visibility mode by making it public, but this takes away the advantage of data hiding.
C++ introduces a third visibility modifier, i.e., protected. The member which is declared as protected will be accessible to all the member functions within the class as well as the class immediately derived from it.
Visibility modes can be classified into three categories:
• Public: When the member is declared as public, it is accessible to all the functions of the program.
• Private: When the member is declared as private, it is accessible within the class only.
• Protected: When the member is declared as protected, it is accessible within its own class as well as the class immediately derived from it.
C++ Multilevel Inheritance
Multilevel inheritance is a process of deriving a class from another derived class. When one class inherits another class which is further inherited by another class, it is known as multi level inheritance in C++. Inheritance is transitive so the last derived class acquires all the members of all its base classes.
C++ Multiple Inheritance
Multiple inheritance is the process of deriving a new class that inherits the attributes from two or more classes.
Ambiquity Resolution in Inheritance
Ambiguity can be occurred in using the multiple inheritance when a function with the same name occurs in more than one base class.
C++ Hybrid Inheritance
Hybrid inheritance is a combination of more than one type of inheritance.
C++ Hierarchical Inheritance
Hierarchical inheritance is defined as the process of deriving more than one class from a base class.
/* Inheritance is one of the key features of Object-oriented programming in C++. It allows us to create a new class (derived class) from an existing class (base class). */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base class Shape
class Shape {
public:
void setWidth(int w) {
width = w;
}
void setHeight(int h) {
height = h;
}
protected:
int width;
int height;
};
// Base class PaintCost
class PaintCost {
public:
int getCost(int area) {
return area * 70;
}
};
// Derived class
class Rectangle: public Shape, public PaintCost {
public:
int getArea() {
return (width * height);
}
};
int main(void) {
Rectangle Rect;
int area;
Rect.setWidth(5);
Rect.setHeight(7);
area = Rect.getArea();
// Print the area of the object.
cout << "Total area: " << Rect.getArea() << endl;
// Print the total cost of painting
cout << "Total paint cost: $" << Rect.getCost(area) << endl;
return 0;
}
Your program should always generates a new sequence of random number. You need to set a seed to random generator according to the current time. It can be done in the following
C++ sample program ask to the user to enter two number (value of A and B) to interchange and "display the result" on the screen: In C++, to "interchange the numbers", enter the two
