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C++ > Strings Code Examples

Program to Perform String Matching Using String Library

/* Program to Perform String Matching Using String Library This C++ program performs string matching using string library of C++. A text and a pattern is given as input. The pattern is searched for in the text and all instances of the pattern are given as output. */ #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { std::string org, dup; int result = -1, i = 1; std::cout<<"Enter Original String:"; getline(std::cin, org); std::cout<<"Enter Pattern String:"; getline(std::cin, dup); do { result = org.find(dup, result + 1); if (result != -1) std::cout<<"\nInstance:"<<i<<"\tPosition:"<<result<<"\t"; i++; } while (result >= 0); return 0; }

Consider a situation, when we have two persons with the same name, jhon, in the same class. Whenever we need to differentiate them definitely we would have to use some additional information along with their name, like either the area, if they live in different area or their mother's or father's name, etc. Same situation can arise in your C++ applications. For example, you might be writing some code that has a function called xyz() and there is another library available which is also having same function xyz(). Now the compiler has no way of knowing which version of xyz() function you are referring to within your code.

Find content in string. Searches the string for the first occurrence of the sequence specified by its arguments. When pos is specified, the search only includes characters at or after position pos, ignoring any possible occurrences that include characters before pos. Notice that unlike member find_first_of, whenever more than one character is being searched for, it is not enough that just one of these characters match, but the entire sequence must match. Function returns the position of the first character of the first match. If no matches were found, the function returns string::npos.

Get line from stream into string. The cin is an object which is used to take input from the user but does not allow to take the input in multiple lines. To accept the multiple lines, we use the getline() function. It is a pre-defined function defined in a <string.h> header file used to accept a line or a string from the input stream until the delimiting character is encountered. Extracts characters from is and stores them into str until the delimitation character delim is found (or the newline character, '\n', for (2)). The extraction also stops if the end of file is reached in is or if some other error occurs during the input operation. If the delimiter is found, it is extracted and discarded (i.e. it is not stored and the next input operation will begin after it).

Strings are objects that represent sequences of characters. The standard string class provides support for such objects with an interface similar to that of a standard container of bytes, but adding features specifically designed to operate with strings of single-byte characters. The string class is an instantiation of the basic_string class template that uses char (i.e., bytes) as its character type, with its default char_traits and allocator types. Note that this class handles bytes independently of the encoding used: If used to handle sequences of multi-byte or variable-length characters (such as UTF-8), all members of this class (such as length or size), as well as its iterators, will still operate in terms of bytes (not actual encoded characters).

In computer programming, we use the if statement to run a block code only when a certain condition is met. An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the boolean expression is false. There are three forms of if...else statements in C++: • if statement, • if...else statement, • if...else if...else statement, The if statement evaluates the condition inside the parentheses ( ). If the condition evaluates to true, the code inside the body of if is executed. If the condition evaluates to false, the code inside the body of if is skipped.

The cout is a predefined object of ostream class. It is connected with the standard output device, which is usually a display screen. The cout is used in conjunction with stream insertion operator (<<) to display the output on a console. On most program environments, the standard output by default is the screen, and the C++ stream object defined to access it is cout. The "c" in cout refers to "character" and "out" means "output". Hence cout means "character output". The cout object is used along with the insertion operator << in order to display a stream of characters.

In while loop, condition is evaluated first and if it returns true then the statements inside while loop execute, this happens repeatedly until the condition returns false. When condition returns false, the control comes out of loop and jumps to the next statement in the program after while loop. The important point to note when using while loop is that we need to use increment or decrement statement inside while loop so that the loop variable gets changed on each iteration, and at some point condition returns false. This way we can end the execution of while loop otherwise the loop would execute indefinitely. A while loop that never stops is said to be the infinite while loop, when we give the condition in such a way so that it never returns false, then the loops becomes infinite and repeats itself indefinitely.

A program shall contain a global function named main, which is the designated start of the program in hosted environment. main() function is the entry point of any C++ program. It is the point at which execution of program is started. When a C++ program is executed, the execution control goes directly to the main() function. Every C++ program have a main() function.

#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program. These files are mainly imported from an outside source into the current program. The process of importing such files that might be system-defined or user-defined is known as File Inclusion. This type of preprocessor directive tells the compiler to include a file in the source code program.





Program to find largest independent set in a binary tree. In graph theory, an independent set or stable set is a set of vertices in a graph, no two of which are 'adjacent'. That is, it is a

To swap two string in C++, enter the 2 strings, and store both the 'string' in variables say str1 & str2. To swap 2 strings, first make a variable say temp of the same type. 'Place the string1'



To find the largest element in an array in C++ programming, enter the array size, enter the array elements. Start finding for the Largest element in the array to "Display the Largest"