C++ Programming Code Examples
C++ > Visual C++ 5.0 Standard C++ Library Code Examples
Algorithm push heap - A heap is a sequence of elements organized like a binary tree
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Algorithm push heap - A heap is a sequence of elements organized like a binary tree
push_heap
Header
<algorithm>
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline
void push_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last)
A heap is a sequence of elements organized like a binary tree. Each heap element corresponds to a tree node. The first value in the sequence [first..last) is the root, and is the largest value in the heap. Every element in the heap satisfies the following: Every element is less than or equal to its parent. The largest element is stored in the root, and all children hold progressively smaller values. The make_heap function converts the range [first..last) into a heap. he push_heap function inserts a new value into the heap. The non-predicate versions of the heap functions use the operator< for comparisons.
template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare> inline
void push_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare compare)
A heap is a sequence of elements organized like a binary tree. Each heap element corresponds to a tree node. The first value in the sequence [first..last) is the root, and is ordered by the predicate. For example, if the predicate is greater, every element in the heap satisfies the following: Every element is greater than or equal to its parent. The smallest element is stored in the root, and all children hold progressively larger values. The make_heap function converts the range [first..last) into a heap. The push_heap function inserts a new value into the heap. The predicate versions of the heap functions use the compare function for comparisons.
Sample
Sample for Non-Predicate Version
// disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 character,
// okay to ignore
#pragma warning(disable: 4786)
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;
// Define a template class vector of int
typedef vector<int > IntVector ;
//Define an iterator for template class vector of strings
typedef IntVector::iterator IntVectorIt ;
IntVector Numbers(VECTOR_SIZE) ;
IntVectorIt it ;
// Initialize vector Numbers
Numbers[0] = 4 ;
Numbers[1] = 10;
Numbers[2] = 70 ;
Numbers[3] = 10 ;
Numbers[4] = 30 ;
Numbers[5] = 69 ;
Numbers[6] = 96 ;
Numbers[7] = 100;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// convert Numbers into a heap
make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling make_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// sort the heapified sequence Numbers
sort_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling sort_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
//insert an element in the heap
Numbers.push_back(7) ;
push_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
// you need to call make_heap to re-assert the
// heap property
make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling push_heap and make_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// remove the root element from the heap Numbers
pop_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end()) ;
cout << "After calling pop_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
}
Program Output
Numbers { 4 10 70 10 30 69 96 100 }
After calling make_heap
Numbers { 100 30 96 10 4 69 70 10 }
After calling sort_heap
Numbers { 4 10 10 30 69 70 96 100 }
After calling push_heap and make_heap
Numbers { 100 69 96 30 4 70 10 10 7 }
After calling pop_heap
Numbers { 96 69 70 30 4 7 10 10 100 }
Sample for Predicate Version
// disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 character,
// okay to ignore
#pragma warning(disable: 4786)
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;
// Define a template class vector of int
typedef vector<int > IntVector ;
//Define an iterator for template class vector of strings
typedef IntVector::iterator IntVectorIt ;
IntVector Numbers(VECTOR_SIZE) ;
IntVectorIt it ;
// Initialize vector Numbers
Numbers[0] = 4 ;
Numbers[1] = 10;
Numbers[2] = 70 ;
Numbers[3] = 10 ;
Numbers[4] = 30 ;
Numbers[5] = 69 ;
Numbers[6] = 96 ;
Numbers[7] = 100;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// convert Numbers into a heap
make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end(), greater<int>()) ;
cout << "After calling make_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
// sort the heapified sequence Numbers
sort_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end(), greater<int>()) ;
cout << "After calling sort_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
make_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end(), greater<int>()) ;
//insert an element in the heap
Numbers.push_back(7) ;
push_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end(), greater<int>()) ;
cout << "After calling push_heap()\n" << endl;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
//remove the root element from the heap Numbers
pop_heap(Numbers.begin(), Numbers.end(), greater<int>()) ;
cout << "After calling pop_heap\n" << endl ;
// print content of Numbers
cout << "Numbers { " ;
for(it = Numbers.begin(); it != Numbers.end(); it++)
cout << *it << " " ;
cout << " }\n" << endl ;
}
Program Output
Numbers { 4 10 70 10 30 69 96 100 }
After calling make_heap
Numbers { 4 10 69 10 30 70 96 100 }
After calling sort_heap
Numbers { 100 96 70 69 30 10 10 4 }
After calling push_heap()
Numbers { 4 7 10 30 100 10 70 96 69 }
After calling pop_heap
Numbers { 7 30 10 69 100 10 70 96 4 }
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Return iterator to beginning. Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the vector. Notice that, unlike member vector::front, which returns a reference to the first element, this function returns a random access iterator pointing to it. If the container is empty, the returned iterator value shall not be dereferenced. The C++ function std::vector::begin() returns a random access iterator pointing to the first element of the vector. This function does not accept any parameter.
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Push element into heap range. push_heap() function is used to insert elements into heap. The size of the heap is increased by 1. New element is placed appropriately in the heap. Given a heap in the range [first,last-1), this function extends the range considered a heap to [first,last) by placing the value in (last-1) into its corresponding location within it. A range can be organized into a heap by calling make_heap. After that, its heap properties are preserved if elements are added and removed from it using push_heap and pop_heap, respectively. The function shall not modify any of its arguments. This can either be a function pointer or a function object. This function does not return any value.
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Make heap from range. Rearranges the elements in the range [first,last) in such a way that they form a heap. The C++ algorithm::make_heap function is used to rearrange the elements in the range [first,last) in such a way that they form a max heap. A heap is a way to organize the elements of a range that allows for fast retrieval of the element with the highest value at any moment (with pop_heap), even repeatedly, while allowing for fast insertion of new elements (with push_heap). The element with the highest value is always pointed by first. The order of the other elements depends on the particular implementation, but it is consistent throughout all heap-related functions of this header.
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Sort elements of heap. Sorts the elements in the heap range [first,last) into ascending order. C++ algorithm::sort_heap function is used to sort elements in the heap range [first,last) into ascending order. The elements are compared using operator< for the first version, and comp for the second, which shall be the same as used to construct the heap. The range loses its properties as a heap. The function shall not modify any of its arguments. This can either be a function pointer or a function object. This function does not return any value.
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Pop element from heap range. Rearranges the elements in the heap range [first,last) in such a way that the part considered a heap is shortened by one: The element with the highest value is moved to (last-1). pop_heap() function is used to delete the maximum element of the heap. The size of heap is decreased by 1. The heap elements are reorganised accordingly after this operation. While the element with the highest value is moved from first to (last-1) (which now is out of the heap), the other elements are reorganized in such a way that the range [first,last-1) preserves the properties of a heap. A range can be organized into a heap by calling make_heap. After that, its heap properties are preserved if elements are added and removed from it using push_heap and pop_heap, respectively.
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